Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is a treatment for end-stage lung disease caused by emphysema. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes shortness of breath ...

The lung consists of five lobes. The left lung has a superior and inferior lobe, while the right lung has superior, middle, and inferior lobes. Thin walls of tissue called fissures separate the ...

In many cases, anal fissures can heal fast with the help of nonsurgical treatments, such as dietary changes, over-the-counter stool softeners, and topical creams. However, they may recur if the ...

Like other injuries, the signs that an anal fissure is healing are when it no longer bleeds or causes pain and when the wound starts to close. Anal fissures may heal at different rates depending on ...